David Berkowitz the Son of Sam .44 Caliber Killer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1904 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Relationship Essay War Essay Did you like this example? David Berkowitz: the Son of Sam or the . 44 caliber Killer On the summer night of July 29, 1976 shots rang out in a New York City neighborhood. This marked the beginning of the . 44 caliber or the Son of Sam murders. His reign of terror would grip this city and its surrounding areas for over a year. Sadly the Son of Sam whom was eventually identified as David Berkowitz a severely disturbed young man that fell under the several theories of crime causation. In his early life he felt awkward and scorned by his peers because of being adopted and his appearance. These feelings would later follow him into his adult life and as referred by Bardsely  (n. d. )†, he would be  creating fantasies that would crowd out reality and eventually David lived in a world populated by the demons his mind had created,† (22. The Blood Monster,  para. 5). Further reading and research of the Son of Sam uncovers that he would have had the potential to find his way into the theories of labeling and psychological criminal causation. David Berkowitz was born Richard David Falco in Brooklyn, New York. His mother who was involved in an affair immediately gave the child up for adoption. Within the week of his birth he was adopted by Nathan and Pearl Berkowitz. While growing up under their care he began to show some characteristics of his violent tendencies that were to come. Although his parents provided and loved him he was known his neighborhood for having a violent streak, he assaulted neighborhood kids for no apparent reason. He was hyperactive and very difficult for Pearl and Nat to control (Bardsely,  n. d. ). Then the tragedy that many wuld say pushed him further down his diluted path struck. Pearl had a recurrence of breast cancer in 1965 and 1967. The disease and chemo dissipated Pearl to a very meager state that was very difficult for David to handle. Then in the fall of 1967 Pearl died. It was at this time that the delusions began to take form in his mind. After Pearl’s death David deteriorated into almost a state of paranoia. He acted out by becoming more involved in petty larceny and pyromania. His state of mind was that of a very disturbed young man because he began to believe that her death was the part of some plan to destroy him. During this eriod of time Nathan re-married and things became even more turbulent for David as his relationship with this woman was very strained. In an effort to escape these feelings of anger, frustration, and strain from his family life David joined the army in the summer of 1971 for three years. During this time he had his only consummated sexual experience with a woman. She was a prostitute in Korea. He contracted a venereal disease as a souvenir (Bardsely,  n. d. ). Before the delusions escalated to murder David began a spree of arson fires. He set 1,488 fires and kept a diary of each one. This was part of his control fantasy. He felt as if there was no control in his life b ut when he lit these fires he had control of even society. Yet the fires would only ease his delusions for some time. In the Fall and Winter of 1975 began David’s cry for help as referred in Bardsely  (n. d. ), Davids state of mind in November was very bleak when he wrote to his father in Florida: Its cold and gloomy here in New York, but thats okay because the weather fits my mood gloomy. Dad, the world is getting dark now. I can feel it more and more. The people, they are developing a hatred for me. You wouldnt believe how much some people hate me. Many of them want to kill me. I dont even know these people, but still they hate me. Most of them are young. I walk down the street and they spit and kick at me. The girls call me ugly and they bother me the most. The guys just laugh. Anyhow, things will soon change for the better. † (20. Cry for help,  para. 1). Yet no one seemed to hear his cries. He barricaded himself in his apartment only to leave for food at th is time. His bizarre fantasies drove him to start write such things on the wall as: In this hole lives the Wicked King. Kill for my Master. I turn children into Killers. By Christmas Eve David’s emotional and mental state were ready to collapse into a pile of rubble and it did. He performed his first attacks at knife point on two young women. He killed at what we would perceive at random but in his diseased mind these were targets for his demons that ordered him to sacrifice them for their young beautiful blood. Following these attacks David’s delusions dissipated. It seemed as if the demons had been feed and were in a dormant state. He moved from the Bronx to a two-family home in Yonkers. Here though the delusions would grow stronger and more elaborate. The Cassara family, whom he was renting from, owned a German Sheppard who was noisy and howled frequently. He would become David’s unrelenting torment. Inside this family’s dog lived a demon that w as ordering David to go hunting for blood. This would drive him to the edge becoming even suicidal at one point. No longer able to bear he left the Cassara’s and moved to an apartment home in Yonkers. Here a man by the name of Sam Carr owned a black Labrador that would also torment David. Yet the more disturbing thing was the way these delusions were being to unravel. He began to believe that Mr. Cassara was General Jack Cosmo, commander in chief of the devil dogs roaming the streets of New York. Sam Carr at this time became host of a powerful demon by the name of Sam who worked for General Jack Cosmo. This was the demon which David refers to his later letters to the news and police. David would soon became the . 44 caliber killer in July of 1976 with his first assault at gun point. David continued on his violent killing spree that was incited by his fantasies that had now become his reality. Then in August of 1977 Operation Omega, which was the task force assigned to t he Son of Sam murders, caught a break. First they had an eye-witness at the latest scene of David’s murderous assault on a couple. Then they began connecting the dots between the killing of Cassara’s German Sheppard and Sam Carr’s Labrador. After their pets had been murdered they both received odd and disturbing anonymous letters. They both reported these happenings to the police but no notice was taken till David was tied in to knowing them both. The biggest break that they found was through a simple traffic citation that turned everything full circle. The night of his latest murder David Berkowitz of Yonkers received a traffic citation at the scene of the crime. He was curiously tied to these two men and had an uncanny resemblance to the description of the man which the eye-witness saw that night stalking around the area. Once it was all connected and the case that was to be brought forward again David Berkowitz was solid the Police took action on August 10 , 1977. They put David’s neighborhood under surveillance. They waited patiently for hours. As the hours passed the show of force grew with their anticipation. Everyone wanted to apprehend this man who had alluded the police for so long. Finally he emerged from the apartment building with his signature brown paper bag that held is . 44 caliber gun. Once in his vehicle the officers made their advance to his car. Upon his capture David did not seemed shocked but had a smile glued on his face for the arresting officer. After his capture and incarceration in Attica Prison David agreed to be interviewed by a veteran FBI agent by the name of Robert Ressler in 1979 that dug deeper and found what others could not. During these interviews Ressler had David admit to him that his real reason for shooting women was out of resentment toward his own mother, and because of his inability to establish good relationships with women. † He would become sexually aroused in the stalking and shooting of women and would masturbate after it was over (Bardsely,  n. d. ). Stalking women had become a nightly game for him and if no victim was found then he would return to the scene of his previous crimes to relish in their memories. Weather David Berkowitz actually heard the demon dogs commanding him to kill for blood or he killed from pent up emotional and mental anguish of women he fits into the characteristics of one that commits crimes through the psychological theory. As stated by VonFrederick Rawlins  (2005),†Psychological theory states that people commit crimes because of personality imbalances developed early in childhood. †Ã‚  (para. 4). We could clearly see that David had a turbulent childhood starting as early as his birth. His lack of social development and feelings of inadequacy began very early in life as stated earlier. We could see how these inadequacies that plagued him from childhood followed into his adult life. His strange behavi or would then lead him into the theory of labeling. As David grew older he saw that people labeled each other and he began noticing those labels which were bestowed on him from his appearance and strange behavior. According to VonFrederick Rawlins  (2005),  Labeling theory provides the underpinning for the noninterventionist perspective. This theory maintains that people enter into law violating careers when they are labeled for their acts and organize their personalities around such labels. In essence, if you continuously told a person that he/she was a â€Å"worthless soul on the road to perdition,† that person may just end up in prison on their way to hell. †Ã‚  (para. 3). Due to the labeling which David endured in reality and in his delusions he was driven to a path that would cause criminal activity. This was a path that would lead him to a sense of control which he did not have. The Summer of Sam was a reign of terror that can be plausibly explained through the theories of crime causation that were implemented in the relentless search for the Son of Sam. All along this treacherous road that the Son of Sam followed through a little over a year of terrorizing he followed not only his demons but the theories of crime causation. He was a model to two of these theories because of his lack of social development and the series of traumatizing events that involved his childhood. These crimes like many today and in our past were not motivated by an ultimate evil but through the thoughts and emotions of a purely human man that was extremely emotionally and mentally disturbed. References Montaldo, C. (n. d. ). David Berkowitz The Son of Sam. About. com: Crime/Punishment. Retrieved from https://crime. about. com/od/murder/p/sonofsam. htm VonFrederick Rawlins, l. c. m. (2005). Theories of Crime Causation. The VonFrederick Group. Retrieved from https://www. vonfrederick. com/pubs/Theories%20of%20Crime%20Causation. pdf Bardsely, M. (n. d. ). Son of Sam. Tru tv Crime Library. Retrieved from https://www. trutv. com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/berkowitz/letter_1. html Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "David Berkowitz: the Son of Sam .44 Caliber Killer" essay for you Create order

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Supply Chain Information Systems Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Supply Chain Information Systems Strategy. Answer: Introduction: Walmart, the largest retailer in the world, derives most of its competitive advantage from its supply chain. The company, however, acknowledges that for sustainability and optimization of the benefits emanating from the chain, it is important to collaborate with other stakeholders. This vision resonates with Procter and Gambles long-term investment in collaborative supply chain management as a way of building trust and maximizing profits[1]. However, these efforts are being held back by a lack of deeper understanding of the dynamics of supply chain collaboration among managers and stakeholders. Therefore, research was needed to overcome this challenge. Fawcett, Jones, and Fawcett (2012) conducted a study about supply chain trust and collaborative innovation between PG and Walmart[2]. The aim of the research was to determine the managers and key stakeholders understanding of the nature of trust. The study undertook to establish whether managers from either company were fully aware of the desired nature of trust which they ought to build and how it can impact their co-operation. The study also aimed at increasing their understanding of the critical aspects of trust building. By doing this, the study will identify the strengths and the flaws of the current collaborative supply chain between PG and Walmart and make recommendations that increase collaboration and innovation. The research was conducted by Stanley Fawcett, Stephen Jones, and Amydee Fawcett. The three are business management scholars at renowned American universities. However, the three researchers were contracted by the Kelley School of Business, Indiana University[3]. The University is one of the leading research partners of PG and has been accredited with some studies that have helped the company continue to grow. Indiana University has also carried out several studies touching on Walmart. This is, therefore, the reason why it was chosen in this case involving the two companies. The research was used to identify the critical pillars of building supply chain trust between the two companies. The findings of the research were used to indicate the level of awareness among managers of the two companies in relation to supply chain cooperation. This indeed helped the managers to identify ways of improvement through building trust and efficiency in the supply chain. Considering that PG is one of the leading suppliers of a wide range of brands found on the shelves of Walmart, this study would help the company increase their supplies on a platform of improved trust, collaboration, and innovation. Walmart would also benefit in equal measure. The research was conducted using a two-stage qualitative methodology. This approach involved conducting a thorough literature review in an exploratory framework. In this regard, the study evaluated key issues such as interpersonal and firm-based trust[4]. Secondly, interviews were used to evaluate the level of understanding on supply chain alliance and the growth of supply chain collaboration frameworks among companies[5]. To maintain consistency, semi-structured questionnaires were used to all the interviews. These statistics were tabulated in the end with the major variables and indicators aligned in line with the respondents' feedback. This would help in data integration and analysis in the end. The findings of the research indicated that 55% of the companies had limited information regarding trust and collaborative information on a double-edged setting. The results showed that most companies adopted limited trust. They preferred a one-way flow of trust at the expense of mutual trust. The findings also indicated that managers had little information on how to build trust and collaboration, with most of them citing the supply schedule and pricing as the key aspects. On the other hand, the outcome also indicated that managers had little practical experience and the resources necessary for constituting supply chain trust and collaboration[6]. The study thus came up with a trust matrix against which the key variables were measured. The study recommended a trust maturity framework that would help cure the current disparities and increase performance based on supply chain trust. Overall, this research is straightforward and tackles the key aspects in the most comprehensive way. Although there is little statistical data, the study exhausts the key concepts relevantly and brings out the intended outcome. The results reflect what had been identified in the hypotheses. On the other hand, the study stays in line with the problem and solution model by giving a breakdown of the complex issues and then merging them with the respective remedies. In entirety, this study would help Walmart and PG to assess their chain relationship and apply improvement measures[7]. It is an ideal blueprint for the maximization of benefits beyond the obvious in any supply chain. Bibliography Delbufalo E, Outcomes of inter?organizational trust in supply chain relationships: a systematic literature review and a meta?analysis of the empirical evidence (2012) 17 Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 377 Du, Timon C., et al. "Willingness to share information in a supply chain: A partnership-data-process perspective." Information Management 49.2 (2012): 89-98. Fawcett SE, Jones SL and Fawcett AM, Supply chain trust: The catalyst for collaborative innovation (2012) 55 Business Horizons 163 Qrunfleh S and Tarafdar M, Supply chain information systems strategy: Impacts on supply chain performance and firm performance (2014) 147 International Journal of Production Economics 340 Ramanathan U and Gunasekaran A, Supply chain collaboration: Impact of success in long-Term partnerships (2014) 147 International Journal of Production Economics 252 Stadtler, Hartmut. "Supply chain management: An overview."Supply chain management and advanced planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. 3-28.